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Lichtenberg, J.D. (1978). Is there a Line of Development of Narcissism?. Int. R. Psycho-Anal., 5:435-447.

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(1978). International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 5:435-447

Is there a Line of Development of Narcissism?

Joseph D. Lichtenberg Author Information

What is 'a line of development'?

The observation that psychical development begins with a series of interlocking stages in childhood constitutes one of Freud's most significant contributions. The phases of development, the oral, anal, phallic and oedipal, became the model for conceptualizing a psychoanalytic genetic metapsychological point of view. The goal of much of the early research in psychoanalysis was to refine the observation of these phases, further subdividing them and evolving theories of energic transformations of instincts as unifying explanations of the observations.

From the beginning, however, another trend was present in Freud's writings. This is most evident in his references to 'the mental apparatus as a compound instrument' (Freud, 1900, p. 536). Here, along with the clinical theory of energy and phases, Freud reflected on how the specific aspects of perceptions, memory and motor activity function. It is from this trend (the precursors of Freud's structural

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