1942238-17A Contribution to the Problem of Sublimation and its Relation to Processes of Internalization1PaulaHeimann
Paula HeimannLONDON
In this paper my aim is to point out and discuss certain aspects of the sublimatory processes which in my opinion have not so far been investigated or perhaps sufficiently described.
Whilst thus the dangers from the persecutory actions of the combined parents inside him urge the subject to separate them, their separation brings about new dangers, for they are now felt to be in a hopeless state of aphanisis7; moreover, the subject becomes impoverished
Cf. footnote, p. 9.
Ernest Jones (1927) introduced the term 'aphanisis'.
The method used by Matte Blanco in his polemic is, I think, best illustrated by the fact that he quotes (p. 26)—though inaccurately—the above passage from my present paper and expresses agreement with it, yet nowhere in his paper does he acknowledge that this passage and my whole paper are a contribution towards the solution of the very problem which he accuses Melanie Klein and her school of having failed to understand. In spite of his agreement with this passage, he says (p. 18): 'Attempts at further development are continually made by Melanie Klein and her followers, but the result seems to be nothing more than, to use a graphic French expression, " piétiner sur place ", moving incessantly without ever succeeding in going forward.' Further (on p. 24): 'The introjected object, no matter how much divided into small pieces, no matter how many pilgrimages it makes from inside to outside and vice versa, will always remain what these conceptions suggest—something immobile, something outside the psyche of the individual, foreign to it, whose ultimate fate can be none other than expulsion.'
19523384-92A Contribution to the Re-Evaluation of the Oedipus Complex—the Early Stages1PaulaHeimann
Paula HeimannLONDON
Introductory Remarks
For the purpose of this paper I have decided to concentrate on the early stages of the Oedipus complex which Melanie Klein has discovered in her analyses of young children.
Ltd., London, 1949, p. 111.
89
and (3) by stressing the development of the destructive strivings.
195233208-213Preliminary Notes on Some Defence Mechanisms in Paranoid StatesPaulaHeimann
In this paper I wish to draw attention to a combination of defence mechanisms which I observed in the analyses of paranoid patients.
, Strachey shows that it is important to enable the patient to make a 'comparison between his archaic and imaginary objects and his actual and real ones', p. 142.
208
was not that I wished to show how much I understood his feelings or how seriously I took whatever he said explicitly or implicitly, but I felt that only by fully dealing with his conscious and preconscious ideas of persecution could I establish contact with him, and that he was only able to converse with me, after he had had a free run of accusations against me.
Joan Riviere: 'The Unconscious Phantasy of an Inner World Reflected in Examples from English Literature', this Journal, p. 160.
'Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms', Int.
9
The triumph which the paranoid patient
Cf. Paula Heimann: 'A Contribution to the Problem of Sublimation and its Relation to Processes of Internationalisation', Int.
195435163-168Problems of the Training Analysis1PaulaHeimann
Paula HeimannLONDON
In a therapeutic analysis the patient asks the analyst to restore his health.
II
This crucial change in the concept of the analytic situation cleared the road to a new
Daniel Lagache: 'Le Problème du transfert', Revue Française de Psychoanalyse, 1952 p. 7. … 'que le génie de Freud a consisté à convertir les difficultés en instruments.
Paula Heimann: 'A Contribution to the Re-Evaluation of the Oedipus Complex', Appendix.
PaulaHeimann
Scientific communication traditionally proceeds from the familiar to the new.
'There is a sense of finality about the past; the future is open and inviting to new modes of adaptation' (p. 85). Since it is impossible to relive the past with the new knowledge gained, 'the compelling locus of analytic therapy' is the unlived future.
From the outset of the treatment and throughout the work the analyst makes the patient aware of the character of the treatment as a co-operative enquiry into the patient's problems, devoted to goals which are agreed on between patient and analyst 'through an impressionistic estimation' (p. 146). The analyst differentiates himself 'at every crucial point from the personality of the real parent' (p. 112), thus underlining the patient's parataxic mode of behaviour, that is the intrusion of a transference distortion into his relation with the analyst. He demonstrates that 'resistance to certain expected reactions has actually little basis in the interpersonal experience with the analyst' (p. 115). The author doubts the importance of including historical material in a mutative interpretation.
An error in dating Inhibition, Symptom and Anxiety needs correction (p. 137). The book appeared in 1926.
195637303-310Dynamics of Transference Interpretations1PaulaHeimann
Paula HeimannLONDON
In 1919 Freud (3) wrote: 'We have formulated our therapeutic task as one of bringing to the knowledge of the patient the unconscious repressed impulses existing in his mind and, to this end, of uncovering the resistances that oppose themselves to this extension of his knowledge about himself.'
1932 New Introductory LecturesHEIMANN, P. 1942 'A Contribution to the Problem of Sublimation and its Relation to Proccesses of Internalization' Int.
22:1942
HEIMANN, P. 1950 'On Counter-Transference' Int.
31:1950
HEIMANN, P. 1952 'Certain Functions of Introjection and Projection in Early Infancy' Developments in Psycho-Analysis Int.
HEIMANN, P. 1952 'Notes on the Theory of the Life and Death Instincts' Developments in Psycho-Analysis Int.
196243228-231 The Curative Factors in Psycho-Analysis—Contributions to Discussion1
PaulaHeimann
(iv) PAULA HEIMANN, LONDON
My interest in this Symposium that deals with matters close to our daily concern is heightened by the different approaches chosen by the three contributors.
I turn now to Segal's paper (p. 212) which is very rich in ideas and represents a very clear exposition of Klein's theories.
196243406-414Notes on the Anal StagePaulaHeimann
Paula HeimannLONDON
In a discussion held recently in the British Society it became clear that the anal stage has been somewhat neglected in the psycho-analytic literature of the last two decades.
Collected Papers 5
GREENACRE, P. 1956 'Re-evaluation of the Process of Working Through.'