Creative States of Mind: Psychoanalysis and the Artist's Process by Patricia Townsend, 2019, London:  Routledge,  136 pages. The Outwardness of Art: Selected Writings of Adrian Stokes, edited by Thomas Evans, 2020, London:  Ridinghouse,  608 pages.

Psychoanalysis is often criticized as incorrigibly introspective. Nor is this any surprise given its origin in Freud's focus on his inwardly-occurring dreams, and on the focus of today's psychoanalysts on the inner world of their patients. Yet, even in his very first work of psychoanalysis, Freud drew attention to the external stimuli causing dreams. Examples included a medical student who, hearing as he slept his landlady calling him to wake up, dreamt he was already at the hospital where he worked so there was no need for him to wake up and go there.

Impressed by the external and other stimuli provoking dreams Freud likened their effect on the unconscious mind to the relation between an entrepreneur and a capitalist of which he said

[T]he entrepreneur, who, as people say, has the idea and the initiative to carry it out, can do nothing without capital; he needs a capitalist who can afford the outlay, and the capitalist who provides the psychical outlay for the dream is invariably and indisputably, whatever may be the thoughts of the previous day, a wish from the unconscious. (Freud, 1900, p. 561, emphasis in original)

Freud famously went on to describe ways that psychoanalysts can evoke more or less unconscious feelings in their patients about other significant people in their lives. He first described these outwardly-evoked, inwardly-occurring feelings