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In order to develop his thesis, Malinowski first defines freedom, next describes its inherent nature, and then traces the ways in which it either flourishes or is repressed. The purposes, patterns, and results of freedom are examined both in terms of the group and in terms of the individual.
To facilitate better definition, the broad term “freedom” is broken down into its several component parts. He predicates that in the animal a state of freedom exists when, within its normal environment, it can pursue its activities and reach its organic satisfactions. This biological freedom is closely related to, and is essential for, the survival of the species. Man is described as having retained this type of freedom, but satisfying his needs within the artificial environment of culture. The essence of this satisfaction is another type of freedom. Malinowski feels that human behavior is determined by the organism itself and results in the organism's own benefit.
Such benefit is increased through the formation of groups or “institutions,” these words being used interchangably and loosely equating “society,” “culture,” and “civilization.” The process of organization is called one of the first and most important steps in the civilizing process. Since groups cannot directly function as such, the relinquishment of authority into the hands of a few, who represent and act for the group, is next discussed. That freedom in society is dependent upon the use or misuse of authority is the second premise of the book.
Having traced freedom thus far as a condition innately present and subjectively felt, enhanced or diminished by the authority given to groups, he describes a third facet of the condition, i.e., choice of purposes. The clarification of his goals and purposes establishes new and greater needs for man. The satisfaction of these, again, creates another type of freedom, as does the ability to choose goals discriminatingly. The implication is that man's integration into a social being