Implicit in the title of this Round Table—Changes in the Self and Identity During Psychoanalysis—is an emphasis on changes which are observed or experienced during psychoanalytic therapy. The phrasing suggests implied goals of analysis, such as “to have a greater sense of identity,” “to know oneself,” or “to achieve a greater degree of self-realization.” Also, the words “self” and “identity” are terms of sufficiently ambiguous abstraction to permit many a discourse in responding to the topic. I would like to start with the warning that these phrases or words are very seductive, and their aura suggests more than the words denote. Self-realization has been readily accepted as a goal of mental health. The terms “to be oneself”