Certain phenomena, commonplace in our culture, and which are usually termed fatigue, drowsiness, or sleepiness are actually manifestations of a hypnoid state. This is a special alteration in the state of consciousness which should be distinguished from other alterations in consciousness such as hypnagogic phenomena, fugue states, and others. The hypnoid state is not uncommon during an analytic hour and may be noted in many other life situations as well. These are situations which involve the patient in struggles with unconscious unacceptable sexual and aggressive impulses related to repressed memories. Several illustrations as observed in my patients are presented. The severest cases were exposed to major trauma in childhood during which time the hypnoid state was utilized defensively.

The hypnoid state is classified as an ego defense and categorized as another in the ego's repertory of defenses. The hypnoid state, as is typical for a defense, is reported as protecting the ego