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OPINION REGARDING THE TREATMENT of borderline pathology remains divided. At one extreme are those who would follow Zetzel's (1971) approach, which implies that borderline pathology is related, at least in an important part, to defective development of ego functions and therefore requires a supportive psychotherapeutic approach. At the other extreme are those who would consider a nonmodified psychoanalysis the optimal treatment for all cases (Segal, 1967). A majority of clinicians who have worked intensively with borderline patients have been shifting in recent years, it seems to me, from a supportive approach inspired by Knight's earlier work (1953a), (1953b) to modified psychoanalytic techniques or psychoanalytic psychotherapy for most patients, while still