It is my premise that psychoanalysis is involved in a phase of metapsychological and technical debate typical during the course of intellectual history. In general, the more traditional school textually conceptualizes psychoanalysis as a natural, observational science involving subject-object duality, determinism, and causality, and tends to separate theory and practice, interspersing a force-energy metapsychology. The recent critics

of traditional theory view psychoanalysis as closer to cultural science and art. They do not subscribe to a strict determinism and conceptualize that they work more within a field of free will. Their tendency to keep theory close to practice leads to more experience-colored, closer to the clinical, theoretical models. I have tried to provide some early evidence that, through mutual influence, a dialectic is rising above the heat of this debate, with each group incorporating some of the ideas of the other.