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TO THE END, FREUD'S DEFINITIVE formulations on the psychoanalytic process were clear statements of the indivisibility of quantitative, economic, instinctual drive, id forces and qualitative, structural, ego capacities in considering therapeutic results. In "The Question of Lay Analysis" (1926b) he discussed "the normal causes of neurotic illness." He cited:
an innate strength and unruliness of the instinctual life in the id, which from the outset sets the ego tasks too hard for it. … Such factors must of course acquire an aetiologic importance, in some cases a transcending one. We have invariably to reckon with the instinctual strength of the id; if it is developed to excess, the prospects of our therapy are poor [p. 242].
In "Analysis Terminable and Interminable," Freud (1937) further elaborated this thesis. Here Freud first referred to the "constitutional" or "congenital" strengths of the instincts. Since the inference of presence since birth is contradicted by their strengthening at puberty or, in women, menopause, he modified his terminology to "the strength of the instincts at the time" (p. 224). The idea that it is possible to permanently dispose of instinctual demands as a result of analysis is quickly dismissed:
No,