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I have attempted to review the major psychoanalytic contributions to our understanding of empathy within the psychoanalytic
situation. In doing so, I have discussed the relation between empathy and identification, reviewed aspects of the metapsychology of analytic comprehension, and have described the role of the analyst's evenly hovering attention in empathic responsiveness, as noted by several analytic investigators of empathy. The interrelations between empathy and countertransference have been described, and neutrality issues as they relate to empathy have been noted. Certain themes around the development of empathy have been grouped together and critically examined.