IN A TRIBUTE TO HEINZ HARTMANN, Rudolf Loewenstein (1970) wrote, "Hartmann would always consider any new hypothesis in the light of existing analytic theories, so as not to lose previous theoretical acquisitions for the sake of a new one. He would try to formulate a new theoretical view so as to add something without sacrificing what was known before. He was well aware of the complexities of the human mind; and he eschewed reductionism in theory, and oversimplification for the mere sake of clarity" (p. 14). For a number of years I have been thinking about the mass of data and the clinical theories contributed by Mahler, her co-workers, and Galenson and Roiphe, and the "fit" of this material into the previously existing