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This paper examines the concept of the analytic surface as a starting point for the interpretive process in relation to theory of psychoanalytic technique. The history of the concept of the analytic surface within psychoanalysis is reviewed. Four different conceptualizations of analytic surfaces are described (M. M. Gill, P. Gray, A. Kris, E. A. Schwaber). The advantages of a "surface" approach alytic technique, and opportunities for research. Some criticisms of the concept are explored.