Presented here is an overview of current challenges and controversies regarding psychoanalysis as a science, competing psychoanalytic theories, convergent and divergent trends in psychoanalytic technique, psychoanalytic education, psychoanalysis as a profession. Among other issues stressed are the importance of the relation of psychoanalysis to the University, the research implications of competing theoretical and technical orientations, the need to reexamine the structure of psychoanalytic education, and the importance of international cross-fertilization in expanding the application of psychoanalysis to other fields.