An important task for psychoanalysts is how to make sense of the range and variety of current psychoanalytic theories in order to integrate clinical findings with systematic empirical findings and then, of course, with findings from cognitive and neuroscience. Two of our most senior and respected active colleagues, Charles Brenner1 and Leo Rangell (2007) have both forcefully presented arguments against the pluralism of psychoanalysis. Rangell recommends the development of a total composite theory through a “process of consolidation, aiming to achieve a livable togetherness of all valid contributed parts” (p. 86).