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With the advent of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, third edition, and the increasing use of psychopharmacological interventions for psychiatric disorders, depression was increasingly viewed as a biological illness requiring medication as the primary intervention. Over time, short-term manualized psychotherapeutic interventions such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) were developed and found to be efficacious. Although these treatments brought psychological elements back into consideration, they were also taken as indicators that psychoanalytic interventions were unnecessary and/or not useful for depression.
The Theory and Treatment of Depression: Towards a Dynamic Interactionism Model provides a refreshing corrective to these perceptions. Over time, as noted in the introduction, depression proved more complex to treat than initially thought, as even with medication and brief psychotherapeutic interventions many patients showed incomplete response or recurrence. The authors suggest that this vulnerability to depression is due to a complex array of factors, including psychodynamic, cognitive, and personality dimensions. In addition, depressive disorders have a greater degree of hetereogeneity than what is implied in the DSM. Patients may require different interventions based on varying