Training cases define clinical immersion for candidates and are essential to their education, progression, and graduation. While dropouts from treatment are expected, repeated dropouts can be detrimental to a candidate's education and progression. In a study of the rate and timing of dropout in 145 cases at the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research, 40 percent of patients were found to have dropped out within the first twelve months of treatment, though converted cases were less likely to drop out than were new patients evaluated at intake. This high dropout rate raises many questions about the reasons for it and suggests that there are critical educational issues regarding supervision and/or regarding candidates' technique during the induction phase.