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Several influential psychoanalysts, including Kohut (1977), Kernberg (2009), Rosenfeld (1964), and Ronningstam (2005), have underlined the complex multidimensional nature of narcissistic pathology. Pincus et al. (2009) have developed a 52-item self-report multidimensional measure of pathological narcissism, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), which measures seven factors—Contingent Self-Esteem, Grandiose Fantasy, Entitlement Rage, Devaluing, Hiding the Self, Exploitative, and Self-Sacrificing, Self-Enhancement—grouped under the two main dimensions of pathological narcissism: grandiosity and vulnerability. This study aimed at evaluating the convergent and clinical validity of the PNI. The participants, 1,172 nonclinical and 27 clinical, completed the PNI and other measures evaluating various aspects of narcissistic pathology, including narcissistic personality disorder, low self-esteem, high Machiavellism, and personality organization disturbances (identity diffusion, primitive defenses, breaches in reality testing).
Correlations with other measures are comparable to those reported elsewhere and as theoretically expected (see Table 1). Comparisons