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The previous paper in this series of discussions of book ( Bulletin, Vol. 3, Part 4, pp. 199-212) related to Chapter 1 (‘The Ego as the Seat of Observation’). In the second chapter (‘The Application of Analytic Technique to the Study of the Psychic Institutions’), Anna Freud makes an important distinction between analysis of the id and that of the ego, and considers in some detail the technical implications of the differences between the two. She begins by pointing out that the pre-analytic use of hypnosis aimed at discovering the unconscious (id)1, with the ego having been put out of action. What was discovered by hypnosis was then shown to the ego, resulting in a symptomatic cure while the ego was still under the influence of the hypnotist. But the ego later revolted against its new knowledge, and the therapeutic success did not last. On the other hand, in free association the patient's ego is not eliminated, but is required to stand aside so that the derivatives of the id can reach consciousness more easily. The patient is required to translate ideas into words, but not to allow them to take control of the motor apparatus which has been put out of action by adherence to the analytic rule. So the patient's