The long-term impact of the Holocaust is considered with reference to material presented in the case histories of patients treated in an NHS psychotherapy department (West Berkshire). The treatment of three third generation survivors of the Holocaust is described. Insofar as it is only recently that third generation phenomena are emerging, the clinical work is experimental. In the spirit of a greater consideration of the interlace between psychoanalysis and cultural trauma (Hunter Brown 1992), this paper examines the relationship between the magnitude of a cultural trauma (and its resonance) and the time it takes for the trauma to be worked through. The implications for the treatment of survivors of other cultural atrocities, for example, the Hungerford massacre and Dunblane, are considered. A provisional psychodynamic diagnostic axiom is proposed by the authors, and it is hoped that this may be useful for other clinicians.