Transference-countertransference phenomena are examined from the theoretical viewpoint of Cognitive Analytic Therapy. Patient-therapist relationships are described as one example of a more general model of relationships. The common origins and parallel features of intrapersonal relationships between aspects of the self and interpersonal relationships with others are emphasized. The practical value of describing these features early in therapy, so that the shifting, complex course of the therapy relationship can be precisely recognized, is presented. As part of this, the model proposes a distinction between identifying and reciprocating transference and countertransference patterns. These CAT understandings can be of value in supervision and case management as well as in therapy, and may be of value to therapists working in other modes.