In his scholarly work, Jung and the Postmodern: The Interpretation of Realities, the Jungian analyst and academic, Christopher Hauke, goes straight to the point from the start in stating that Jung's psychology offers a critique of modernity and Enlightenment values that puts it in line with the postmodern critique of contemporary culture. In doing so, Hauke does not try to evade areas in Jung's approach which take up essentialist positions and are encapsulated in the kind of metanarrative that the postmodernist, Lyotard, criticized.