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Attachment & Human Development 10(2), 105-121, 2008
In a series of meta-analyses with the second generation of Holocaust survivors, no evidence for secondary traumatization was found . With regard to third generation traumatization, various reports suggest the presence of intergenerational transmission of trauma. Some scholars argue that intergenerational transmission of trauma might skip a generation. Therefore, we focus in this study on the transmission of trauma to the third generation offspring (the grandchildren) of the first generation's traumatic Holocaust experiences (referred to as ‘tertiary traumatization’), and we present a narrative review of the pertinent studies. Meta-analytic results of 13 non-clinical samples involving 1012 participants showed no evidence for tertiary traumatization in Holocaust survivor families. Our previous meta-analytic study on secondary traumatization and the present one on third generation's psychological consequences of the Holocaust indicate a remarkable resilience of profoundly traumatized survivors in their (grand-)parental roles.
International Forum of Psychoanalysis 17, 16-26, 2008
Medicine, psychology, and psychiatry are not only modes of scientific knowledge or professional practice, but also means of social control that participate in regulating behavior. The ‘re-pathologizing’ of psychiatry during the past 25 years bears witness to an anthropological mutation that reduces the human being to the sum of his or her conduct. In order to get to this ‘medico-economic’ civilization of the subject, post-modern psychiatry has needed to deconstruct and reconstruct its normative landscape for the benefit of ‘fickle’ notions