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Edelson, Marshall: Language and Interpretation in Psychoanalysis. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1975.
Fine, Reuben: Psychoanalytic Psychology. New York: Jason Aronson, 1975. 1975.
Gill, Merton M. & Philip S. Holzman (eds.): Psychology versus Metapsychology. New York, International Universities Press, 1976.
Kernberg, Otto: Borderline Conditions and Pathological Narcissism. New York: Jason Aronson, 1975.
Kohut, Heinz: The Analysis of the Self. New York: International Universities Press, 1971.
Menninger Karl A. & Philip S. Holzman, Theory of Psychoanalytic Technique. 2nd ed. New York: Basic Books, 1973.
THE CONCEPTIONS OF MODERN PSYCHIATRY have been undergoing a basic review and reconsideration during the last 25 years, and the evolved reconceptions are beginning to fall into place at the foundations of the structure of psychoanalytic knowledge. We are now capable of seeing more clearly, I believe, than ever before, that the critical problem with the first psychoanalytic metapsychology of Freud and his followers is not that it is not social, cultural, or ego-interpersonal enough (which, of course, it is not), but rather that it carries the burden of an excessively instinctualized metapsychology with deep roots in 19th-century natural science.
The human psyche constitutes the central subject matter of psychoanalysis. And while, by the end of the 1930s, the character analysts and ego psychologists of its biological wing, in tandem with the interpersonal and cultural relationists of its sociological wing, thought they had reconstructed the classical metapsychology of the id or libido (of the instincts or drives), they had, in fact, only succeeded