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WE NEED TO MAKE BASIC MODIFICATIONS of the theory of unconscious psychic experience for the clinical psychoanalytic inquiry of our own time, as did Bernheim, Breuer, and Freud for theirs in the 1890s, Adler and Jung for theirs around 1910, Rank, Ferenczi, and Reich in the 1920s, A. Freud, Hartmann, and Rapaport, Fromm and Horney, Thompson and Sullivan in the 1930s, and so on, into the present.
There are numerous addenda and enlargements of the old, as well as various possibilities and extensions of the new, that we must now consider in our current effort to reformulate the theory of unconscious psychic experience. I shall take up many of them in due course. First, there is a necessary reconstruction of the theory to discuss; it derives primarily from a disentangling of the statement of the theory from any exclusive tie-in with any one particular metapsychology.
Placing it in historical perspective, we have, as a matter of traditional interpretive habit, grown so accustomed to thinking about the theory of unconscious psychic experience as being dominated by the libido and the instincts—or, later, by the biological drives, erotic and thanatotic—that it becomes difficult for us to see how