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Edelson, M., Hypothesis and Evidence in Psychoanalysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.
Grünbaum, A., The Foundations of Psychoanalysis. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Harré, R., Personal Being. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1984.
Schafer, R., The Analytic Attitude. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1982.
Spence, D., Narrative Truth and Historical Truth. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1982.
PERHAPS THE STRONGEST TREND VISIBLE across the horizon of psychoanalysis for the foreseeable future is the increasing pluralization of its perspectives on interpretive metapsychology. Also apparent immediately below the horizon, strongly supportive of this trend, is the increasing clarification of the terms and conditions of its direct psychological inquiry. The two go hand in hand. For without a clearly worked out base in the empirics and systematics of psychoanalytic inquiry, the expanding range of its interpretive and speculative possibilities would tear it apart. Without a firm base in psychic reality, it breaks down in anarchy: anything matters, anything goes. The exercise in interpretive myth and metaphor then becomes an exercise in mere hermeneutics and narration. Anarchic expressionism: imaginative to be sure, but abstract in the extreme.