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On 15 June 1953, a group of analysts and analysts-in-training seceded from the Société Psychanalytique de Paris (SPP), following a controversy regarding two major issues. The first issue concerned the constitution and ethos of the new Institut de Psychanalyse, designed for the training of analysts, which was at last becoming a reality after several years of effort on the part of the Société. The second issue concerned complaints about the authoritarian practices and structure of the Société. Things came to a head when Jacques Lacan — then president of the Société, although a member of the anti-authoritarian faction — received a vote of no confidence and was obliged to resign. He was then invited to join the secessionists who, on 16 June 1953, created a new society: the Société Française de Psychanalyse (SFP). On 18 July 1953