Mentalization defines the capacity to attribute mental states such as desires and beliefs to others and to understand that these can differ from our own. Such a capacity can be compromised in several psychiatric conditions and is the main target of many types of psychotherapy. Here we propose a theoretic model in which mentalization is achieved through a process we have termed alphabetization of the emotions. In this model, the patientanalyst relationship is observed within the analytic field so that all the communications of the patient and/or the analyst can be considered as dreams narrating the emotional climate of the field itself. Both the analyst and the patient contribute to the generation of the climate, and the analysts role is to promote the patients capacity to convert the unknown sensations into dreamsor stories so as to make the emotional experience symbolized and meaningful.