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The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the world's most persistent and intractable conflicts. Despite extensive and in-depth analyses to help understand and transform it, the parties have failed to reach sustainable peace. In this article, I extend group and family psychoanalytic theories to analyze the unconscious dynamics that potentially underlie this relationship, interpreting it in light of the biblical narrative of Abraham, his wives—Sarah and Hagar, and sons—Isaac and Ishmael. Using the above-mentioned framework, I interpret the Israeli-Palestinian conflict over land as an enactment of the archaic fraternal complex, whereby each sibling unconsciously entertains the fantasy of returning to the maternal womb and aspires to be the exclusive owner of maternal space and the mother's phallus. Consideration of the archaic fraternal complex dynamics offers psychoanalytically oriented mediators an additional tool to understand conflicts, especially land-related disputes. To work through intractable conflict, these mediators can help the belligerent parties perform the psychic work of trauma and primal mourning to stop enacting the fantasy of returning to the maternal womb and to accept symbolic castration. This work could contribute to the warring parties' ability to renounce their rigid ideological positions and seal new fraternal pacts under the aegis of the law of reason. Their fraternal complex would thus be transformed from archaic and talionic to symbolic and Oedipal.