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This paper explores the foundations of Balint groups, a method for studying clinical relationships and countertransference. Enid and Michael Balint began holding seminars with general practitioners at the Tavistock Clinic in 1950, aiming to apply psychoanalytic principles to understand the doctor-patient relationship. Balint groups have since evolved and spread around the world primarily via the medical community. This applied psychoanalytic method is supported by a substantial body of research, including over 250 qualitative and 30 quantitative studies from 39 nations. Drawing on this international medical literature, we examine themes from the field research on Balint groups through various contemporary psychoanalytic lenses. This integrative approach highlights parallels between Balint group process and psychoanalytic work (including treatment, training, and supervision). We conclude by considering the historical arc of Balint groups and advocating for their reintegration into psychoanalytic theory and practice. This research also supports wider adoption of Balint groups in psychotherapy and other helping professions.