General: William McDougall. Fundamentals of Psychology: A Reply to Dr. Watson. Psyche, 1924, Vol. V, p. 13.

McDougall scathingly disposes of the behavioristic theory that introspective psychology is not required. He suggests that such views attract many young people because they simplify psychological problems which have existed for over two thousand years. They do this simply by asking us to shut our eyes to them. McDougall commences his reply to Watson by stating that he has an initial advantage over him because all persons of common-sense will necessarily be on his side. Dr. Watson can also claim advantages because people opposed to accepted principles will side with him and also because his views will attract those who are born tired as well as those who are born Bolshevists. The fundamental disagreements are based on his behaviorism and acceptance of the mechanistic dogma. The three chief forms of 'behaviorism' are first, Neo-Realism which is an inversion of subjective idealism. Secondly, the original Watsonian behaviorism which ignores the metaphysical and refuses to deal with introspectively observable facts, the only data being facts of observation. Thirdly, sane behaviorism or introspectively observable facts combined with the observation of behavior. McDougall claims to be the chief exponent of this sane behavioristic psychology and he proceeds to show how he developed it as an improvement on the hedonism of John Stuart Mill and Bain and on the views of the Spencerian psychologists. Dr. Watson regards psychology as a science of consciousness and endeavours to construct a new science of behavior, he differs from J. S. Mill and Charles Mercier in denying that consciousness has scientific value. McDougall on the other hand maintains that introspectively observed facts and objectively observable behavior are not data for two distinct sciences but both indispensable for the one science of psychology. Data obtained from introspective thought cannot be neglected. The truth or falsehood of the introspective report in certain cases during the war decided the