Clinical: S. Ferenczi. Forcierte Phantasien. Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, Bd. X, S. 6.

The necessity on occasion to give certain directions to the patient as to his or her action, to interrupt the stream of talk; the extension of such directions and interruption to the patient's phantasies are based upon the fundamental psycho-analytic rule—overcome resistances. The method differs from the therapeutic use of suggestion since its aim is quite other, as is the immediate reaction; moreover the analyst must be ever ready to modify or withdraw his directions if they are erroneous or incomplete, even if already accepted by the patient. In cases where the analysis is not progressing favourably the objection against giving on occasion direct association commands thus disappears.

Where there is more or less complete absence of phantasy during analysis as in life, where dramatic scenes are reproduced without corresponding affect, Ferenczi does not hesitate to compel the patient to bring up the adequate reaction, and should this fail to imagine and invent such reactions. The objection usually made, that such phantasies are artificial, unnatural, is accepted; the truthfulness and the objective reality of such phantasies may be questioned. Hesitatingly at first, but with increasing reliance, such artificial phantasies are produced. Usually the interval till the next sitting suffices to undo any value, so that the same or similar phantasies must be frequently repeated till insight is obtained. In other cases there results quite unexpected material which furthers the analytic work. Should this now contradict the forced phantasies the error must be recognised. Three kinds of phantasies come chiefly into question:

• 1Positive and negative transference phantasies.

• 2Infantile reminiscences.

• 3Onanistic phantasies.

Examples are given from recent cases.

A man not deficient in phantasy although very inhibited in emotional expression was told rather brusquely that his friendly and affectionate