Clinical: Karl Landauer. 'Passive' Technique. Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse, 1924, Bd. X, S. 415.

The process of making clear to a patient the working of his instinctual forces requires much expenditure of love and time on the part of the analyst, involves also suppression of curiosity and of the desire for speedy cure. Hence it is natural to expect a tendency to hasten matters by abandoning reserve and actively emphasising individual wishes and associations. But individual repressions on the part of the patient never loosen primary repression for that patient. One legitimate piece of activity is based by Landauer on the fact that transference manifestations are often unwittingly overlooked, i.e. on the general principle that unconscious tendencies lose their drive on being rendered conscious, but that, if allowed to accumulate in the unconscious, they gain in force. Thus in depressive states one can head straight for investigation of hate and death wishes, ignoring for the time the weak positive attitude which exists in such cases and so allowing it to accumulate. The ground can be prepared for this investigation if at the first session the explanation of plastic representation is given, e.g. that the patient, instead of saying 'I hate' will actually hate the analyst, etc. Using this technique, Landauer found that depressive states could be cured in four to six months. Similarly in schizophrenic disturbances both positive and negative manifestations can be neglected in favour of a close inquiry into mechanisms of identification and of projection. In cases where auditory hallucinations are dealt with, the relations between analyst and patient need not be conducted in the first and second person but in the third person or indeed impersonally, e.g. Was denkt es in ihm? In the ordinary way the tendency behind the hallucination must be disguised, but now this is brought into reality: the real world enters into the unreality of the phantasy world. We accord him the pleasure gain of overcoming us by identification and, by ignoring the positive object-trans