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Sexuality and sociality are antagonistic. A man in love is less obviously gregarious. Betrothal and marriage make matters no better in this respect. Religion, education, etc., endeavour to keep sexuality at a distance. The object of this paper is to enquire into the psychological and sociological basis of this antagonism. The views of McDougall, Trotter and McCurdy, who believe that the gregarious is quite distinct from the sexual instinct, are contrasted with those of Freud's libido theory. Freud believes that the instinctual energy involved is the same, social tendencies being only special differentiations of the sexual instinct. Discussing the psychological differences according to Freud, the absence of the sensual element in social relationships is explained in terms of repression. The sexual instinct is present in an inhibited form. According to Freud's theory the 'aim inhibition' is connected with the fundamental repressions producing the 'latent sexual period'. The greater constancy and permanence of the aim-inhibited manifestations of the sexual instinct is connected in the case of social ties with the absence of reduction of instinctive tension, such as is afforded by orgasm. Identification plays a more important part in social than in sexual ties. In the first case we desire 'to be' and in the second case we desire 'to have' the loved object. Another difference is found in the greater diffuseness of social ties. Love and identification occur for many individuals in place of concentrated love for a single individual. All these factors make social relationship between members of the same sex easier than between members of the opposite sex. In this connection Flügel coins the words 'homosocial' and 'heterosocial'.
The greater development of male homosociality is due to the greater narcissism of women, which creates an antisocial influence. During the last century male narcissism has been greatly repressed, and this has not taken place to a cor