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It is pleasant to note the appearance of a fourth edition of this excellent little text-book (originally reviewed in this JOURNAL, Vol. III, p. 82). The revisions introduced in this edition take the form of an Appendix on recent developments in psychology, a number of footnotes and certain modifications in the text. The main trend of the revisions lies in the direction of laying more stress upon psycho-analytic findings—the recent extensions and applications of psycho-analytic doctrine being in the author's estimation 'perhaps the most important' of all the developments of psychology during the seven years that have elapsed since the first appearance of the book. The new Preface states that if the book were being entirely rewritten at the present time, far less room would be allotted to Shand's and McDougall's accounts of the elaboration of instincts into character; for the reason (as appears from the Appendix) that psycho-analysis has shown that the (unconscious) interrelations of the instinctive tendencies are far more important, complicated and various than is allowed for in these accounts. The Appendix also gives brief references to the work of the 'Gestalt' school, of Spearman, of Piaget and of the behaviourists. The general tenor of the whole book is perhaps best conveyed by a sentence on the last page in which the author suggests that 'the most