In the opening paper of this symposium Dr. Good classifies criminals in three groups on a basis of intelligence tests; (1) those of subnormal intelligence whose power of instinct control is weakened; (2) those of normal intelligence with moral defects due to bad educational methods; and (3) those of supernormal intelligence but unstable character, who can evade the law more easily than others and who go into crime because they have not enough scope for their powers in civilization as it is to-day.

Dr. Field emphasizes the more radical character changes in the criminal as compared with the neurotic and considers that psychological treatment