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Bose points out that psychology is neither philosophy, biology, physiology nor behaviourism. The psychologist is not interested in behaviour as such but 'in the inferred mental process that accompanies behaviour.' Mental phenomena have neither mass nor momentum. The physicist cannot weight the sensation sweetness, he experiences it; ultimately the terms used by physicists to describe the physical characteristics of objects are merely psychological projections of their own inner experiences. This brings us to the problem of ultimate reality. The opposition between mind and matter can be reconciled 'by assuming a physical substratum for each object … on which a psychological projection of a definite type takes shape'.
The physical world around us changes continually, and we explain these phenomena by theories such as the laws of causation and continuity and by the conception of energy. Causation, continuity and energy hold good in the mental sphere also. Continuity of mental life provides the background for the personality. The energy is of a special form, which may be called mental energy. If matter has a dual aspect, physical and psychical, we may suppose that physical energy has its counterpart in psychic energy. This is the doctrine of pan-psychic psycho-physical parallelism. Psycho-physical parallelism, with or without pan-psychism, is one of the fundamental concepts of modern psychology. Psycho-analysis belongs here. Freud brought about a revolution in psychology because he tried to explain mental states by reference to previous mental states and introduced a dynamic conception into psychology. To him is due also the credit of first utilizing the concept of unconscious mental activities to explain 'complicated mental mechanisms in a dynamic form'. Many psychologists