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'Pleasure and pain are emotions, not sensations, in the usual sense. The so-called 'physical' pain (pleasure) is any type of sensation which gives rise to the emotion of pain (pleasure), while the so-called 'mental' pain (pleasure) is the emotion of pain (pleasure) arising in response to a thought which is not a sensation. Pleasure is the organic welcoming (receiving within) reaction, while the pain is the organic shrinking (excluding) reaction. Sensations (which include appetites and emotions) are pleasurable, indifferent or painful according to whether they do or do not conduce to vital needs. Probably all the 'emotional' reactions are in essence the same for all species, being based upon the main types of behaviour possible to any organism. Emotions (including appetites) may be divided into four main groups: those of desire, of rejection, of satisfaction and of non-satisfaction. The position of the hedonist seems to be sound, if we understand by pleasure (pain), not the emotion, but the pleasant (painful) sensations or other thoughts which give rise to the emotion, and if we realize that there is fundamentally no difference between instinctive and intelligent action or between function and behaviour."
Author's Abstract.