Sex and Personality Studies in Masculinity and Femininity1: By Lewis M. Terman and Catherine Cox Miles. (McGraw Hill Book Co., Inc., New York and London, 1936. Pp. xi + 470 + 130. Price $4.50.)

Psycho-analysts are as a rule inclined to be somewhat disdainful of studies emanating from the academic psychologist as being too much concerned with quantitative concepts and too narrow in their scope to deal adequately with the intransigencies of individual humanity. Sex and Personality is unquestionably statistical in its approach, but it is informed

with a humility, a breadth of viewpoint and a ripe wisdom not frequently encountered in the product of academic psychology.

The attempt has been to devise a test which will shew whether the dichotomy 'masculine-feminine' exists objectively, how it correlates with the dichotomy 'male-female', how it correlates with other variables such as age, physical traits, occupations, domestic milieu, sexual adjustment, and so forth. The test used consists of a battery of seven different tests as follows: a quadruple-choice word association test; an ink-blot association test; an information test; a test of emotional and ethnical attitudes; a test of interests; a test of opinions; a test of introvertive response. The scoring is based upon norms evolved from test-results of a large population varying greatly in age, occupation, social status, and scholastic achievement. The reliability of the test as a whole is very high, and there is a high degree of correlation shewn between 'masculinity-femininity' and 'male-female', though the degree of correlation varies considerably for the different members of the battery; so much so that the authors are inclined to regard only two of the seven tests as reliably differentiating. These are the test of emotional and ethical attitudes and the test of interests.

Precisely what it is that is being tested remains somewhat doubtful, as the authors acknowledge: whether it is a psycho-biological complex, based upon constitutional factors