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The book opens with an Introduction by Dr. Franz Alexander, who explains that in the course of teaching psycho-analysis to students he 'came to the conviction that in this field as in others where students are using a highly standardized technical procedure and are mainly absorbed in minute observation of facts—briefly in all pre-eminently empirical fields—the students are apt to lose perspective towards their own work'. Dr. Alexander therefore deemed it desirable that the students and the members of the staff of the Psychoanalytic Institute of Chicago should be given a lecture course dealing with epistemology. To this end Professor Adler gave four lectures on philosophy, which were followed by discussions. These were: 'The Conception of Science in the Modern World', 'The Position of Psychology: in Philosophy and Among the Natural Sciences', 'The History of Psychology' and 'Psycho-Analysis as Psychology'. These are printed in the present volume as originally prepared; i.e. they appear as headings and summaries rather than as continuous prose and continuous discussion. As the author himself says, they are more like an index than an argument. 'For those who know the full substance of the arguments, an outline can serve excellently. … But for those who do