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I will begin what I have to say with the following propositions. The two decisive factors on which the outcome of the war apparently depends are aircraft production and civilian moral. We need not therefore emphasize any further the importance of the latter subject, with which we are here concerned. It is, it is true, a wider field than that of Quislingism, but this constitutes not merely a special aspect of the whole: it is a chief and most important part of the whole. Furthermore, while we do not know what Hitler had in mind when he used the words 'secret weapon', there is no doubt that Quislingism and its many variants are Hitler's most valuable secret weapon, the one to which he mainly owes his spectacular successes both in his own and other countries. Although there is no reason to suppose that he has any conscious knowledge of the deep workings of his weapon, he has undoubtedly an intuitive grasp of the way in which certain aspects of human nature can be exploited to his advantage. His victims are singularly unaware of the process by which they are affected, so that it remains a secret even more to them than to those who engineer it. The form the phenomena in question have taken is a relatively new and startling one, a fact which in itself must engage the attention of any serious psychologist. The challenge to psycho-analysts is even more direct, inasmuch as the very secrecy and mystery with which the phenomena are invested indicate the operation of some deep agencies in the Unconscious, i.e. in the sphere of our special work. We have, therefore, strong motives, both practical and scientific, for trying to understand as much as possible about this important problem.