This article is a critique of A. Kardiner's book, The Individual and his Society. The author states that Kardiner's book is an attempt to base psychoanalysis on sociology. It contains so many theoretical innovations that very little is left of the original structure of psycho-analysis. A psycho-analytic ego psychology must be based on the concept of conflict between id, ego and super-ego; Kardiner eliminates this scheme and replaces it by the conflict between the individual and society. His ideas that the infant does not react to the primal scene with anxiety and that there is no Oedipus complex in the culture of the Trobriand Islanders are taken exception to by Róheim, who, in refutation, cites his own experiences, those of Malinowski and others. A further difference of opinion is expressed on the rôle of myth and folklore as well as on Kardiner's methodology.