Psychoanalytic Review, 1948, Vol. XXXV, No. 3, pp. 290–294.

The following views are presented: 1. That paranoia and schizophrenia, in the interest of differential diagnosis, ought always to be sharply distinguished from each other. 2. That the Freudian concept of a repressed homosexual component in paranoia has a limited rather than general applicability. 3. That the fundamental cause may very well lie in the person's effort to exclude from consciousness some painful pieces of reality. 4. That paranoia occurs among certain people when the precipitating cause is strong or intense enough to activate the latent predisposition; and 5. That paranoia represents, primarily, a disturbance of the individual's emotional or instinctual life.