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Introjection is for the author the ego's way of internalizing all aspects of reality in order to adapt to it. He describes some applications of this concept in fields other than psycho-analysis. For example the innate images postulated by the ethologists may in this way be equated with introjects, since every instinctual drive operates in relation to an inherited Gestalt, formed from the summation of an infinite series of experiences. Such an idea of imagery
corresponding to the apperception of reality as inherent in the ego of both man and animals had been postulated previously in the philosophy of Leibniz. Bychowski concludes with some historical examples of the cultural externalization of introjects in various societies with its consequences.