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Speech is a wonderful heritage from our forebears, but noise links us as adults to infancy as well as to the animal kingdom and nature about us. I have mentioned some of the ways in which analysts have been interested in noise and have discussed some other ways in which my interest has developed.
Conclusion. Conscious or unconscious noises instead of words, and defences against the unconscious wish to make noises, may play an important rôle in analysis. It may be easier to deal with this aspect of analysis if the fundamental rule is at times slightly changed so that noise is accepted.