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Today we are to discuss variations in psycho-analytic technique in the hope that this exchange of ideas will lead to a deepening of our understanding of psycho-analytic therapy. It is an accepted fact that every analyst works somewhat differently with each patient and that no two analysts employ identical techniques. Differences in technique run the gamut from mere stylistic variations well within the basic framework of psycho-analysis to alterations which change one or another essential procedure or aim of psycho-analysis. Perhaps this panel will help us differentiate between variations of technique which in no way conflict with the basic rules and goals, modifications which may be necessary but temporary interruptions of our procedures and aims, or deviations which lead to a permanent change in the psycho-analytic method with a consequent renunciation of its results. It is imperative that the analyst thoroughly understands the theoretical basis as well as the clinical indications and contra-indications for each of these three differences in technique.
Before embarking on an exploration of the different variations, modifications, and deviations, it would be wise to formulate as clearly and precisely as possible an acceptable definition of psycho-analytic technique. There are four crucial considerations: the relationship between the patient and the analyst; what the patient does; what the analyst does; and finally the goals of the treatment.
The relationship between the patient and the analyst is decisively coloured by the fact that the patient is troubled and unknowing, and is seeking help from someone relatively untroubled and expert. What is unique about psycho-analysis is that we handle this situation in such a way as to facilitate the patient's development of a full-blown transference neurosis. We do so because we know that only in this way can he repeat in intimate detail his infantile neurosis, the core of his adult neurosis.
We ask our patient to try to