The psycho-analytical approach to the problem of bodily sensation has been dominated by dualistic and interactionist theories. Among the many unfortunate practical and philosophical consequences is the difficulty of assessing a patient's sensations according to a double scale, with the great rôle which the observer's subjective judgment must play.

These issues are more easily handled if they are subordinated to an assessment of the ego's relationship to its body. This is obvious, for instance, if the