Most psycho-analytical contributions to the problem of schizophrenia have come from the study and treatment of individual patients by the psycho-analytical method, which, however, had in many cases to be modified. The large majority of the patients reported on had been treated in private practice and did not as a rule deteriorate or become institutionalized. Some of them were 'ambulatory' schizophrenics whose hold on reality had not suffered severely. The authors of this book have applied themselves to the study and treatment of chronic institutionalized schizophrenics with typical behaviour and thought disorder. Though therapeutically less rewarding than acute cases, these patients are excellent subjects for the study of what is most characteristic in schizophrenia. They also present a challenge to the dynamically orientated psychiatrist who refuses to accept that there exists any condition which is not modifiable by the impact of libido which