This selection of Pavlov's writings gives a good insight into the thinking of the great physiologist whose work has become something like a religion in the Communist world. This should not detract from its immense importance for the study of behaviour. Pavlov was unable to view behaviour in other than physiological terms. He was violently opposed to psychology adopting a language and methods of its own. This to him was dualism and idealism. Sherrington, who doubted whether mental phenomena can be translated into physiology, was pilloried as an animist! The gestalt