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Dr Hans Lampl was born in Vienna on 15 October, 1889. While still at the Gymnasium he became a friend of Martin, the eldest son of Sigmund Freud, whose house and family he regularly visited. At that time he can hardly have been aware that these personal ties would one day be strengthened by his becoming a psycho-analyst himself. Lampl studied medicine and was awarded his doctor's degree in 1912. He then worked for eight years in collaboration with Dr Landsteiner, well known for his studies on blood-groups. During this period Lampl's interests lay in the field of pathological anatomy, serology, and bacteriology. His psycho-analytic work started in Berlin in 1921. After his training analysis he joined the staff of the Berlin Psycho-Analytic Clinic, finding in that lively centre of psycho-analysis ample opportunities for making his own contribution to the new science. Nevertheless he did not completely abandon his anatomical work, and for several years he devoted part of his time to experiments with animals, studying the problem of localization of psychological phenomena. In Berlin Lampl met his future wife, Dr Jeanne de Groot, who was also on the staff of the Psycho-Analytic Clinic. They were married in 1925 and shared till his death a happy family life which was particularly marked by their devotion to the development of Freud's work and the psycho-analytic organization. This must have been of special value to both of them, for twice in their lives they had to cope with the necessity of abandoning everything they had built up and