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A sharp distinction is made between group psychotherapy and group analysis. While in group psychotherapy the therapist's work is based on an interactional model according to which the members are grouped in a psychodynamic field, in group psychoanalysis the therapist makes use of an unconscious long-term group process the manifestations of which are dependent on the structure of the group as it evolves in the course of the therapy. Structure is understood as a relatively irreversible basic configuration with the systems id, ego, superego and self interlacing in characteristic ways and leading to specific conflicts, thus making room for the development of an inner 'culture' typical for that group. In clinical terms these structures may be called hysterical, compulsive, psychopathic, etc. In this long process the members assume the functions of representations and thus participate in the treatment. The process goes on as long as the group as such exists. Delineation of the individuals and concomitant awareness of internal changes brought about by the treatment occur as the group transference dissolves. Group analysis is a long-term therapy, the advantage of which is the dimension of transference and resistance phenomena developing in an unconscious process quite similar to that observed in individual psychoanalysis. For illustrations the opening phase of a group-analytic treatment is reported showing the evolving structure; in another group of several years standing the change of a long-established structure is shown.